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Nuclear waste recycling

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Why health and fatality risk and suffering?

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Recycle, Reuse, Repurpose,
Refuel & Renew (5R)

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Radioactive waste to clean H2 and non-radioactive products

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Why dump and risk ecosystem?

Nuclear waste recycling

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MSDS - Entity 1: Transforming Greenhouse Gases to Energy and Valuable Materials

Nuclear waste recycling

01.

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Physical

Incineration Distillation
EvaporationDumping​

02.

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Chemical

Precipitation Wet Oxidation Acid Digestion

03.

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Biological

Microbial Remediation via MECC Microbial digestion
MSDS - Entity 1: Transforming Greenhouse Gases to Energy and Valuable Materials

General Methods of radioactive waste recycling - Recycling methods

Entity 1 | Electrochemical reactions of CO2 and N2

Electrocatalytic conversion of GHG emissions from petrochemical industries

The electrocatalytic conversion of GHG emissions to Value Added Products (VAPs) including ethanol is carried out employing electrochemical reactor at ambient of 28oC, 1 atms pressure and flow rate of emissions from petrochemical industry roughly 500ml/min. The initiator solution is acidified with 50 ml of conc. HCl. The acidified solution generates in-house hydrogen gas to facilitate the reduction of GHG emissions with carbon in the form of CO2, CO, CH4, ethane, N2, SOx, NOx, S, H2S etc into ethanol, acetates and 5-methyl –phenylazothiophene – 2 – azo dye.
Entity 1 | Electrochemical reactions of CO2 and N2
Entity 1 | Electrochemical reactions of CO2 and N2
Thus, from the HR-MS spectra of liquid and solid products of the GHG emissions electrocatalytic reduction as ethanol, Mg acetoethoxide, Cupric ethoxide, cuprous ethoxide, 5-methyl-phenyl azo thiophene-azo dye. Depending on the variation in constituents and composition of the input GHG emissions, either ethanol or 5-methyl-phenyl azo thiophene-azo dye or acetic acid can be fine-tuned to be the major product.

Electrocatalytic conversion of GHG emissions from petrochemical industries

Entity 1 | Electrochemical reactions of CO2 and N2

Electrochemical separation and agglomeration of iron ore in steel slag

Entity 1 | Electrochemical reactions of CO2 and N2
Steel slag is a by-product obtained in the steel production plants and also presents huge challenge in the solid waste disposal. The steel slag although considered as solid waste also possess several valuable elements such as titanium, nickel, Zinc, iron, aluminum, silica so on and so forth. These elements or compounds when extracted by chemical or physical process results in value addition in diverse fields of applications such as wastewater treatment to semiconductor devices. It can be understood from the literature that the leaching technique was the most widely used in the resource recovery domain followed by other techniques like fusion, hydrothermal treatment. As iron is the major constituent of steel production, any Fe content in the slag can be recovered electrochemically and utilize the silica content in the slag to encapsulate the same to avoid from environmental reactions and corrosion. The major advantage of Entity1 solution is that it can separate the minerals or elements at concentrations as low as parts per million (ppm) or parts per billion (ppb) (Ref: 202341000490).
Entity 1 | Electrochemical reactions of CO2 and N2

Silicon Ingots From Refractory Bricks and Steel Sludge, Slag Industrial Wastes

Steel slag is a by-product obtained in the steel production plants and also presents huge challenge in the solid waste disposal. The steel slag although considered as solid waste also possess several valuable elements such as titanium, nickel, Zinc, iron, aluminum, silica so on and so forth. These elements or compounds when extracted by chemical or physical process results in value addition in diverse fields of applications such as wastewater treatment to semiconductor devices. It can be understood from the literature that the leaching technique was the most widely used in the resource recovery domain followed by other techniques like fusion, hydrothermal treatment.
Refractory bricks from steel plants are mostly silicon dioxide (> 70-98%). These refractory
bricks are rich source of semiconductor materials like Si and SiC upon proper processing. In
addition, steel sludge a waste material from steel industries possesses > 70% of SiO 2 that can be processed to Si or SiC.
Entity 1 | Electrochemical reactions of CO2 and N2
Entity 1 | Electrochemical reactions of CO2 and N2
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Physical Method

Evaporation: removal of salts, heavy metals and other hazardous & radioactive waste

  • Reduction of volume of radioactive waste and other toxic materials from LLW & ILW
  • ​Highly expensive due to its high-energy requirement
  • High amount of inactive salts leads to slowdown
  • Evaporation in organic salts leads to explosion

Incineration or Pyrolysis (High Temperature)

  • Releasing CO2, H2O, S, and HC1 as by-product
  • ​Requires gas-filtering systems to control radioactive discharges.
  • Thickening and removal of water need pretreatment

Advantage:

  • H2: 120-142 MJ/kg
  • Gasoline: 44-51 MJ/kg From radioactive waste

Distillation: Involves reduction of volume of radioactive waste in solid

  • Pretreatment technique of incineration
  • Requires high energy and slow output

Environmental & health benefits

  • 2.2 pounds (1 kg) of H2 gas = the energy in 1 gallon (6.2 pounds, 2.8 kgs) of gasoline
  • Hydrogen is abundant stored in H2O, hydrocarbons & other organic matter

Distillation: Involves reduction of volume of radioactive waste in solid

  • Radioactive waste is treated, in chronological order Incineration, evaporation and compaction to avoid contamination 
  • Radioactive waste remain forever buried 
  • Possibilities of leakage and contamination into the ground water or into the ocean 
  • Other physical methods: cutting, decontamination, sedimentation, land fill 
  • Ineffective in the treatment of radioactive waste 
  • Need for novel methods to treat the radioactive waste!!!
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General Methods of radioactive waste recycling - Recycling methods

Entity 1 | Electrocatalytic technology

Electrocatalytic conversion of GHG emissions from petrochemical industries

The electrocatalytic conversion of GHG emissions to Value Added Products (VAPs) including ethanol is carried out employing electrochemical reactor at ambient of 28oC, 1 atms pressure and flow rate of emissions from petrochemical industry roughly 500ml/min. The initiator solution is acidified with 50 ml of conc. HCl. The acidified solution generates in-house hydrogen gas to facilitate the reduction of GHG emissions with carbon in the form of CO2, CO, CH4, ethane, N2, SOx, NOx, S, H2S etc into ethanol, acetates and 5-methyl –phenylazothiophene – 2 – azo dye.
Entity 1 | Electrochemical reactions of CO2 and N2
Entity 1 | Electrochemical reactions of CO2 and N2
Thus, from the HR-MS spectra of liquid and solid products of the GHG emissions electrocatalytic reduction as ethanol, Mg acetoethoxide, Cupric ethoxide, cuprous ethoxide, 5-methyl-phenyl azo thiophene-azo dye. Depending on the variation in constituents and composition of the input GHG emissions, either ethanol or 5-methyl-phenyl azo thiophene-azo dye or acetic acid can be fine-tuned to be the major product.

Electrocatalytic conversion of GHG emissions from petrochemical industries

Entity 1 | Electrochemical reactions of CO2 and N2

Electrochemical separation and agglomeration of iron ore in steel slag

Entity 1 | Electrochemical reactions of CO2 and N2
Steel slag is a by-product obtained in the steel production plants and also presents huge challenge in the solid waste disposal. The steel slag although considered as solid waste also possess several valuable elements such as titanium, nickel, Zinc, iron, aluminum, silica so on and so forth. These elements or compounds when extracted by chemical or physical process results in value addition in diverse fields of applications such as wastewater treatment to semiconductor devices. It can be understood from the literature that the leaching technique was the most widely used in the resource recovery domain followed by other techniques like fusion, hydrothermal treatment. As iron is the major constituent of steel production, any Fe content in the slag can be recovered electrochemically and utilize the silica content in the slag to encapsulate the same to avoid from environmental reactions and corrosion. The major advantage of Entity1 solution is that it can separate the minerals or elements at concentrations as low as parts per million (ppm) or parts per billion (ppb) (Ref: 202341000490).
Entity 1 | Electrochemical reactions of CO2 and N2

Silicon Ingots From Refractory Bricks and Steel Sludge, Slag Industrial Wastes

Steel slag is a by-product obtained in the steel production plants and also presents huge challenge in the solid waste disposal. The steel slag although considered as solid waste also possess several valuable elements such as titanium, nickel, Zinc, iron, aluminum, silica so on and so forth. These elements or compounds when extracted by chemical or physical process results in value addition in diverse fields of applications such as wastewater treatment to semiconductor devices. It can be understood from the literature that the leaching technique was the most widely used in the resource recovery domain followed by other techniques like fusion, hydrothermal treatment.
Refractory bricks from steel plants are mostly silicon dioxide (> 70-98%). These refractory
bricks are rich source of semiconductor materials like Si and SiC upon proper processing. In
addition, steel sludge a waste material from steel industries possesses > 70% of SiO 2 that can be processed to Si or SiC.
Entity 1 | Electrochemical reactions of CO2 and N2
Entity 1 | Electrochemical reactions of CO2 and N2